Please indicate by “circling” the letter that precedes
the most appropriate answer to the question asked. Be aware, there is only one answer to each
question, if there are more than one plausible answers, choose the one that
is most specific to the question asked.
1. If you
crossed a true-breeding yellow-seed pea plant (AA) with a heterozygous
yellow-seed pea plant (Aa)then you might expect that:
A The offspring
genotypes would be 1 AA : 2 Aa.
B The offspring
genotypes would be 1 Aa : 1 aa.
C The offspring genotypes 1 AA : 1 Aa.
D The offspring
phenotypes would be 1/2 yellow-seed plants
and 1/2 green-seed plants.
E The offspring
genotypes 1 Aa : 1 aa and would be 1/2 yellow-seed
plants and 1/2 green-seed plants
2. What is meant by the term
“test cross”
A The cross
fertilization of an ovum with a spermatozoa
B A cross that checks whether or not
individuals from two different species are compatible.
C A cross that checks whether or not individuals
from the same species are compatible.
D A cross between a true breeding strain
for a particular trait under scrutiny and a wild-type for the given trait.
E A cross between an individual and another individual that is a
homozygous recessive for the particular trait under scrutiny
3. The
term “Dioecious” refers to:
A The number
of chromosomes in a bacterial cell
B Having the male
and female reproductive organs exhibited by the same individual
organism
C Bacteria with two membranes… i.e Gram Negative bacteria
D A genetic
unit of hereditary
E The
genetic complexity of a Mendelian type cell
F A general
term for a cell going through the first stage of Meiosis
G Having the male and female reproductive
organs in separate organisms.
BONUS POINT:
Give an example of one such organism. ___Humans, Holly, Fruit Flies etc._______________________________
4. Which one
of the following examples from the lecture series would best
fit into the category of having “multiple alleles”.
A Hair colour in donkeys
B Shape of
the “purse” in Shepherd’s purse flowers
C ABO blood groups
D Height in humans
E Petal colour in carnations
5. Mendel’s
1st law states that:
A During gamete formation the segregation
of one gene pair is independent of all other gene pairs
B Two members of a gene pair
segregate from each other into the gametes, whereby one half of the gametes
carries one of the traits, the other half carries the other
C The union of one gamete from each
parent to form a resultant zygote is random with respect to that
particular characteristic.
D Like all
things biological, genes come in pairs.
E When fertilization occurs, the zygote
gets one half of its chromosomal set from each parent, thus restoring the pair.
6. A mother
of four (2 girls and 2 boys) exhibits a recessive X-linked trait. Assuming that the father does not, what is
the most likely outcome for their offspring (according to your knowledge of
genetics and the laws of probability).
A All the
offspring exhibit/show the trait.
B Both boys
would appear to be wild-type.
C None of the girls would
exhibit the trait
D None of
the offspring would exhibit the trait.
E One of the
girls would be a carrier, while the other would or would not exhibit the trait.
F One of the
boys would exhibit the trait, while the other would not.
7. A trait
is said to be “pleiotropic” when.
A It defines
a phenotype that is highly variable
B it has
more than three loci
C it is
found in two different species
D it gives rise to more than one
phenotype
E it masks
the expression of other genes
8. During which phase of Mitosis are
chiasmata visible under a light microscope
A Early
Prophase I
B Metaphase
I
C Late
Interphase
D Late
Prophase I
E Early
Metaphase
F. Chiasmata aren’t normally
visible in these cells
9. Take a look at the figures on the page below. Using the information given as well as your
knowledge of the course thus far, answer the question(s) that relates to each
by circling the MOST appropriate answer. (Each part of the question is worth 2
pts.).
(a)
The cell is in:
A Prophase
II
B Anaphase
C Metaphase
D Metaphase
II
E Anaphase
I.
F Telophase I.
(b) From your knowledge of the lectures, what
type of organism/cell would “typify” this/these kinds of cell cycle(s):
A any eukaryotic cell
B a “recombinogenic” cell
C a “somatic” cell
D a mammalian cell
E. a yeast cell
F there is insufficient information to discern.
10. In pea plants,
the allele for tall stalks (T) is dominant over the allele for short stalks
(t). Suppose a cross between a tall pea
plant and a short pea plant produces 49 tall offspring and 45 short offspring.
If one of these tall offspring is then crossed with one of the short offspring,
what ratio of “genotypes” would be most likely in their offspring?
A 1 Tt : 3 tt
B All are Tt
C 3 Tt : 1 tt
D 1 TT : 2 Tt : tt
E 1 Tt : 1 tt
11.
Which of the following statements about our current understanding of Mendelian
genetics needs not be true?
A. Alternative forms of genes are called alleles.
B. A locus is a gene’s location on its chromosome.
C. Only
two alleles can exist for a given gene.
D. A genotype is a description of the alleles that represent an
individual’s genes
E. Individuals with the same phenotype can have different
genotypes.
12. In the ABO blood group system in
humans, if a person of type-B blood has children with a person of type-A blood,
what blood types could their children potentially exhibit
A Type A, Type B, Type AB
B Type A, Type AB
C Type A, Type B, Type O
D Type O, Type B, Type AB, Type A
E. Type A, Type B,
F It
would depend up on the Rhesus antigen.
13. “Cytoplasmic / Maternal” inheritance relates
to the “affect” of the genes in the “polar bodies” during Oogenesis.
______ “Cytoplasmic / Maternal” inheritance refers to inheritance of
mitochondrial/plastid DNA_
14. The
environment does, sometimes, play a role in determining the phenotype for a
given trait
____________________________________________________________________________
15. Almost by
definition, all of the traits that Mendel analyzed in his dihybrid crosses were
derived from genes that were located on different chromosomes.
______At least three of the seven traits were on the same chromosome as at
least one other trait,
______but agree with Mendel because of “chiasmata”_________________________________
16. Epistasis is the interaction between two or more genes such that expression of one
gene masks the phenotypic expression of the other(s).
____________________________________________________________________________
17. Almost by
definition, the term “sex-linked traits” always refer to genes located on the
X-chromosome.
______X-linked, true, “sex-linked” false, because the Y chromosome is also
a Sex chromosome
16. Dominant
traits are always the “Wild-type” traits
_____As emphasized at least three times, “Dominant” does not equate to “wild-type”
________
_____-think Huntington’s disease”, ________________________________________________