7.
Which
of the following is not found as a component of the nucleosomal
core “partical”?
a.
Histone 1.1
b.
Histone
3-3
c.
Histone
4
d.
Histone
2AX
e.
Histone
2B
8.
The
term “codon bias” used in the lecture refers to which of the following?
a.
The
stop codon “UGA” is preferentially used to encode for tyrosine in mitochondria
b.
Some
amino acids are rarely used in the proteins of some organisms
c.
In
some prokaryotes the codon GUG is used for translational initiation.
d.
In
some species some codons are preferentially used to code for rare amino acids
such as selenocysteine.
e.
Some codons for an amino
acid are more frequently used than others and the bias often varies from
species
to species
9.
In which of the following phases of meiosis
is Rad 51 believed to be most active?
a.
Metaphase
b.
Anaphase II
c.
Pachytene phase of prophase I
d.
Interphase
e.
Diakinesis phase of prophase I
f. Diakinesis II
g. S-phase
10. Which type of mutation is
most likely to result in the formation of a premature translational stop occurring
in the expressed peptide sequence?
a.
Nonsense
b.
Missense
c.
Deleterious
d.
Insertional
e.
Reproducible
11. Which of the following bases (?) would base
pair with adenine in DNA
In the following set of questions
write in “TRUE” , “FALSE”, and if you believe the answer lies
somewhere in between “USUALLY” or “SOMETIMES” -when available. If your answer is “False”, “USUALLY” or
“SOMETIMES” you should briefly explain why you think so (3pts. each).
12. Centromeres
contain the very genes that encode for proteins that are required for the
centromere to function.
True / False
/ Usually
____No proteins
expressed from centromeres, themselves___________________
13. Multiple
duplications within a region of DNA invariably increase the likelihood of
variation between two DNA sequences
True
/ False
/
____What about Molecular
drive ?__________________________________
14. Silent substitutions occur 5 – 10 x
more often than synonymous substitutions
True
/ False
/ Sometimes
_____Perhaps
nonsynonymous, but not synonymous___________________
15. The Ac transposon in maize has all the
capabilities of a regular DNA transposon.
True
/ False
/ Usually
____________________________________________________________
Section 2. (36 pts.) Please answer the
following questions using short, concise
answers.
That being said, BE AWARE of the point
distribution and give enough information to be worthy of the points allocated.
2.1 (6 pts) How might you differentiate between “Orthologous” and
“Paralogous” related genes. Give an example of each.
2.2 (8pts) What is the function of a telomere and
how is it formed?
2.3.
(6pts) Differentiate between “non-replicative”
and “replicative” transpositional events in prokaryotes, giving a specific example
of each.
Tn5,
Tn10 Non-repicative; Tn3 Replicative
________________________________________________________________
OR
2.3.
(6pts) Briefly discuss the function of MutS, MutL & MutH in Prokaryotes.
What
mutations do they fix and how do they work together to exert their effect.
2.4. (8 pts) What are “topologically
associating domains” or TADs?
Briefly
discuss role of “cohesins” in their formation
CTCF co-localizes and determines the presence at TAD boundaries of the cohesin complex,
which is also involved in establishing chromosomal interactions
________________________________________________________________
2.5. (8 pts) Briefly explain the fundamentals of DNA fingerprinting
and how the DNA involved makes it possible for us to differentiate DNA source,
even between immediate family members.
Bio 4564/6564 Advanced Genetics Spring, 2023
Test II
Name____________________ ID# ______________
Sections 3. (25 pts.)
Answer one
(and ONLY one) of the four questions
in this section.
---------------------
3.1 (25 pts.) Single
stranded/double stranded nicks and double stranded breaks provide genetic
models for how different recombinatory events
occurring in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
Discuss this statement by clearly defining the mechanism(s) by which
each type of recombination may arise and what the genetic consequences of each
may be.
3.2 (25
pts.) Discuss the potential types of
evolution exemplified by globin genes that were discussed in lecture (as well
as any that were not (?)) and explain how such evolutionary trends can be used
as classic examples for a number of characteristics of gene organization and
evolutionary changes that are allowed to occur -predominantly in eukaryotes.
3.3 (25
pts.) Transpososition
and Retrotransposition are two related forms of
recombination, but utilize quite distinct mechanisms to achieve recombination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Please expand upon this statement by
discussing the similarities and differences between these two types of recombinatory events, using well defined examples of
each. Well labeled diagrams are more
than welcome AS LONG AS THEY ARE REFERENCED IN THE TEXT OF YOUR ANSWER.
3.4 (25
pts.) Compare and contrast the
structure / function relationships of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA with
prokaryotic chromosomal DNA.