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Macaque Monkeys   -Pictures & Information (alphabetical order)

Macaque Monkeys live in many different habitats across the globe, making them the most widely distributed genus of nonhuman primates. Macaques (especially Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) are commonly used in research -most recently in AIDS research. Their coloration includes gray, brown or black fur. They tend to be heavily built and medium to large in stature. Males and females may differ in weight, body size and canine size. (from Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management pp 41)

Macaques are native to Asia and Northern Africa, but thousands are housed in research facilities, zoos, wildlife or amusement parks, and are kept as pets in private homes throughout the world.

Below are a few examples of the assorted Macaques in the world

Assamese macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
The coat of Assamese macaques varies from yellowish to dark brown. The face is hairless, and the skin is red in adults.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- male: 431-587mm (17.0-23.1in)
- female: 538-730mm (21.2-28.7in)

Weight
- male: 4.9-8.6kg (10.8-19.0lb)
- female: 7.9-15.0kg (17.4-33.1lb)

Habitat:
Nepal to Viet Nam to Southern China

Monsoon, montane, evergreen, bamboo, and duciduous dry forest at 300-3500m(984-11,484ft) elevation

Diet
Fruit, young leaves, insects, crops, and mammal prey

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques have been observed frequenting the high canopy

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Assamese macaque 2

Distinguishing Characteristics:
The coat of Assamese macaques varies from yellowish to dark brown. The face is hairless, and the skin is red in adults.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- male: 431-587mm (17.0-23.1in)
- female: 538-730mm (21.2-28.7in)

Weight
- male: 4.9-8.6kg (10.8-19.0lb)
- female: 7.9-15.0kg (17.4-33.1lb)

Habitat:
Nepal to Viet Nam to Southern China

Monsoon, montane, evergreen, bamboo, and duciduous dry forest at 300-3500m(984-11,484ft) elevation

Diet
Fruit, young leaves, insects, crops, and mammal prey

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques have been observed frequenting the high canopy

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Barbary Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Barbary macaques are yellowish gray to grayish brown. The underparts are paler and the face is dark. They have no tail.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 450mm (17.7in)
- Female: 550-600mm (21.7-23.6in)

Weight
- Male: 10.2-11.0kg (22.5-24.2lb)
- Female: 15.3-17.0kg (33.7-37.5lb)

Habitat:
Morroco, Algeria & Gibraltar

Mixed cedar and holm oak or cork ork forest up to 1600-2160m (5260-7087ft)

Diet
Acorns; bark, cones, and needles of cedar trees; mushrooms; bulbs; animal prey, including insects, other invertebrates, and amphibians. The diet changes seasonally.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques forage in trees, on the ground, and even under rocks. Males associate with infants soon after birth. There is little male aggression

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Barbary Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Barbary macaques are yellowish gray to grayish brown. The underparts are paler and the face is dark. They have no tail.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 450mm (17.7in)
- Female: 550-600mm (21.7-23.6in)

Weight
- Male: 10.2-11.0kg (22.5-24.2lb)
- Female: 15.3-17.0kg (33.7-37.5lb)

Habitat:
Morroco, Algeria & Gibraltar

Mixed cedar and holm oak or cork ork forest up to 1600-2160m (5260-7087ft)

Diet
Acorns; bark, cones, and needles of cedar trees; mushrooms; bulbs; animal prey, including insects, other invertebrates, and amphibians. The diet changes seasonally.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques forage in trees, on the ground, and even under rocks. Males associate with infants soon after birth. There is little male aggression

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Bonnet Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Bonnet macaques have a grayish brown back and a well-defined circular cap. The tail is two-thirds the length of the body.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 375-480mm (14.8-18.9in)
- Female: 450-590mm (17.7-23.2in)

Weight
- Male: 3.9-4.4kg (8.6-9.8lb)
- Female: 5.4-8.8kg (11.9-19.5lb)

Habitat:
India

Wet lowland to dry deciduous forest up to 2134m (7002ft). Bonnet macaques also live near urban areas and temples.

Diet
Fruit, 47-53$; seeds, leaves, flowers, and animal prey, including insects, lizards, and frogs. Bonnet macaques eat 39 plant species, as well as raid crops and eat what humans offer at temples.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Bonnet macaques are good swimmers. They search the ground for insects and chase flying grasshoppers; adult males spend more time on the ground. These macaques sit in contact with others or huddle together when they rest.

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Bonnet Macaque 2

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Bonnet macaques have a grayish brown back and a well-defined circular cap. The tail is two-thirds the length of the body.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 375-480mm (14.8-18.9in)
- Female: 450-590mm (17.7-23.2in)

Weight
- Male: 3.9-4.4kg (8.6-9.8lb)
- Female: 5.4-8.8kg (11.9-19.5lb)

Habitat:
India

Wet lowland to dry deciduous forest up to 2134m (7002ft). Bonnet macaques also live near urban areas and temples.

Diet
Fruit, 47-53$; seeds, leaves, flowers, and animal prey, including insects, lizards, and frogs. Bonnet macaques eat 39 plant species, as well as raid crops and eat what humans offer at temples.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Bonnet macaques are good swimmers. They search the ground for insects and chase flying grasshoppers; adult males spend more time on the ground. These macaques sit in contact with others or huddle together when they rest.

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Sulawesi-Booted Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Booted macaques have ocherous gray on the forearms and hind limbs. The body is black, with a gray rump patch. Infants are brown and change to black gradually.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 500mm (19.7in)
- Female: 590mm (23.2in)

Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Tropical forest.

Diet
Fruit. Booted macaques raid cacao crops.

Behaviour:
Diurnal and arboreal. Poisoned bait is used to kill booted macaques that raid cacao plantations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booted_macaque

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Sulawesi -Black (-Crested) Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Celebes black macaques are all black, with a short tail, long hair that forms a pointed crest on the head, and high bony cheek ridges

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 445-550mm (17.5-21.7in)
- Female: 520-570mm (20.5-22.4in)

Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)
Primary and secondary tropical forest.

Diet
Fruit, bud, sprouts, and insects, including caterpillars. These macaques use 120 plant species.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Black macaques show less agonistic behavior (3.6 agonistic interactions/hour) than stump-tailed macaques. During aggressive encounters, biting is rare and not performed by adult males. In a captive study, coalitions were rarely observed. Females have a mutual embrace in which they meet head to tail and sniff each other's genitals like dogs.

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Formosan Rock Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Formosan rock macaques have a dark brown coat and "moderately long tail." They are endemic to Taiwan.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 400-500mm (15.7-19.7in)
- Female: 450-550mm (17.7-21.7in)

Weight
- Male: 4.9kg (10.9lb)
- Female: 6kg (13.2lb)

Habitat:
Taiwan

Mixed coniferous-hardwood temperate forest, as well as bamboo and grassland at 100-3600m (328-11,812ft).

Diet
Fruit, leaves, animal prey, buds, young shoots. These macaques reportedly raid crops.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Formosan rock macaques rest in forest and forage in grassland. High-ranking matrilines have more reproductive success. Habitat destruction rather than hunting is the greatest risk to the population.

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Japanese "snow" Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Japanese macaques are brown to gray and have a red face and bottom and a short tail.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)

Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)

Habitat:
Japan

Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.

Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.

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Japanese Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Japanese macaques are brown to gray and have a red face and bottom and a short tail.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)

Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)

Habitat:
Japan

Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.

Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.

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Japanese Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Japanese macaques are brown to gray and have a red face and bottom and a short tail.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)

Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)

Habitat:
Japan

Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.

Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.

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Liontailed Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Unlike any other macaque, liontailed macaques have a long, brownish gray mane around the face. They have a black body and a black tail with a slight tuft of hair on the tip.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 460mm (18.1in)
- Female: 510-610mm (20.1-24.0in)

Weight
- Male: 3.0-6.0kg (6.6-13.2lb)
- Female: 5.0-10.0kg (11.0-22.0lb)

Habitat:
India

Evergreen, broadleaf forest in hilly country up to 1500m (4922ft).

Diet
Fruit, seeds, mushrooms, flowers, young buds, and animal prey, including snails and giant squirrel infants.

Behaviour:
Diurnal and arboreal. Lion-tailed macaques use the middle and upper levels of canopy (93%) and rarely come to the ground. They forage for insects under bark and by breaking dead branches. They are good swimmers. The individual's presentation of its hindquarters to another individual is a sign of submission. After a fight, 60% of the reconciliation are initiated by the aggressor, and 40% by the victim.

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Longtailed, Crab-eating Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
The body of longtailed macaques varies from gray to reddish brown, with lighter underparts. The hair on the crown of the head grows directly backward, often resulting in a pointed crest. The face is pinkish. Males have cheek whiskers and a mustache; females have a beard. Infants are born black.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 385-503mm (15.2-19.8in)
- Female: 412-648mm (16.2-25.5in)

Weight
- Male: 2.5-5.7kg (5.5-12.6lb)
- Female: 4.7-8.3kg (10.4-18.3lb)

Habitat:
Southern Indochina, Myanma, Indonesia, Philippines

Primary, secondary, coastal, mangrove, swamp, and riverine forest up to 2000m (6562ft). These macaques are tolerant of humans and may be found near villages.

Diet
Fruit, 64%; seeds, buds, leaves, other plant parts, and animal prey such as insects, frogs, and crabs. These macaques can be crop raiders.

Behaviour:
Diurnal and arboreal. Longtailed macaques swim well and jump into water from nearby trees. The male dominance hierachy is less marked than in other macaques. High-ranking individuals lead the group. Tension after an aggressive interaction is indicated by increased levels of self-grooming, body shaking, and scratching. Tension-reducing reconciliation between individuals consists of the dominant one approaching with raised eye brows, while the opponent stares into the eye of the dominant, lip smacks, and touches the other's genitals.
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Pigtailed Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Pig-tailed macaques are olive brown above, with white underparts. The top of the head is dark brown. The tail is short, slender, and thinly furred or naked.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 467-564mm (18.4-22.2in)
- Female: 495-564mm (19.5-22.2in)

Weight
- Male: 4.7-10.9kg (10.4-24.0lb)
- Female: 6.2-14.5kg (13.7-32.0lb)

Habitat:
Myanmar to Malay Peninsula and Sumatra

Lowland primary and secondary forest and coastal, swamp, dry land, and montane forest up to 1700m (5578ft).

Diet
Fruit and seeds, 73.8%; animal prey (including insects, nestling birds, termite eggs and larvae, and river crabs), 12.2%; leaves, 5.4%; buds, 3%; flowers, 1.1%; other plant matter, including fungus.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. They have a unique facial expression called a pucker, which has variable meanings but usually implies aggressiveness. Females may form coalitions to attack a male. This species is currently in demand by medical laboratories for HIV (AIDS virus) research.

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Rhesus Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Rhesus macaques are brown, and adults have a red face and rump. The underparts are lighter brown. The tail is medium length, and the hair on the top of the head is short.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 470-531mm (18.5-20.9in)
- Female: 483-635mm (19.0-25.0in)

Weight
- Male: 4.4-10.9kg (9.7-24.0lb)
- Female: 5.6-10.9kg (12.3-24.0lb)

Habitat:
Afghanistan & India to Thailand & Southern China

Semidesert, dry deciduous, mixed decidous and bamboo, and temperate cedar-oak forest to tropical woodland and swamps, from sea level to 3000m (9843ft).

Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, gums, buds, grass, clover, roots, bark, resin, and small invertebrates.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, partly arboreal, and mostly terrestrtial. Rhesus macaques are well known as a beligerent species. In a captive study, an average of 18 aggressive acts by each monkey during a 10-hour period were recorded. Their most common threat is a wide-open mouth with staring eyes, which is given by a dominant animal. Submission is signaled by screaming and baring of the teeth because of fear.

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Tibetan Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Tibetan macaques have long, dense, grayish brown fur. The whiskers and beard are lighter than the top of the head. Infants are blackish with silver, which changes to yellow at age 2.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 613-710mm (24.1-28.0in)
- Female: 507-630mm (20.0-24.8in)

Weight
- Male: 14.2-17.5kg (31.3-38.6lb)
- Female: 13.0kg (28.7lb)

Habitat:
Tibet, China

Subtropical evergreen forest to mixed deciduous temperate forest at 800-2000m (2625-6562ft) elevation.

Diet
Leaves, shoots, fruits, roots, mushrooms, and animal prey, including eggs, birds, snakes, and invertebrates. These macaques are fed by humans near temples.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, and primarily terrestrtial. Tibetan macaques are reported to have a "favorate" infant that they hold and groom. Subordinate males recognize this care and carry the favorite infant to the dominant males in order to interact affiliatively with them.

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Tonkean Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Tonkean macaques are dark brown to black, with prominent brownish gray to buff cheek tufts. Their large, buff rump patch contrasts with the darker body.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 500-565mm (19.7-22.2in)
- Female: 575-675mm (22.6-26.6in)

Weight
- Male: 8.6kg (19.0lb)
- Female: 10.4kg (23.0lb)

Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Tropical rain forest that grows on the ultrabasic soil of northern Sulawesi.

Diet
NA. Tonkean macaques reportedly raid crops.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Tonkean macaques Although nonaggressive intervention is uncommon, it is usually directed at juveniles and adult females, not adult males. Baring teech, a submissive signal in many other macaques, is used by Tonkean macaques as an affiliative signal and is used during play.

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Tonkean Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Tonkean macaques are dark brown to black, with prominent brownish gray to buff cheek tufts. Their large, buff rump patch contrasts with the darker body.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 500-565mm (19.7-22.2in)
- Female: 575-675mm (22.6-26.6in)

Weight
- Male: 8.6kg (19.0lb)
- Female: 10.4kg (23.0lb)

Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Tropical rain forest that grows on the ultrabasic soil of northern Sulawesi.

Diet
NA. Tonkean macaques reportedly raid crops.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Tonkean macaques Although nonaggressive intervention is uncommon, it is usually directed at juveniles and adult females, not adult males. Baring teech, a submissive signal in many other macaques, is used by Tonkean macaques as an affiliative signal and is used during play.

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Toque Macaque

Distinguishing Characteristics:
Toque macaques have a well-formed caplike whorl of hair radiating outward from the center of the head. They have a dusky brown to golden yellow body, black ears, and a black lower lip. The femaile's face is red.

Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 432-452mm (17.0-17.8in)
- Female: 442-533mm (17.4-21.0in)

Weight
- Male: Male: 3.4-4.3kg (7.5-9.5lb)
- Female: 4.4-8.4kg (9.7-18.5lb)

Habitat:
Sri Lanka

Lowland, gallery, and semi deciduous forest near permanent water up to 1524m (5000ft).

Diet
Fruit and seeds, 75%; other plant parts, 23%; animal prey (including reptiles, birds, and mammals), 2%.

Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. The competition between toque macaque troops with overlapping home ranges means that the harsher the environment is, the fewer young and old animals will survive in the troop. In the dominance hierarchy, adults dominate juveniles. Juvenile females fare the worst because mothers protect only their youngest offspring. The majority of all threats (81.5%) have been recorded during foraging, and 36% of the time, food was taken from the one threatened.

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© Noel Rowe, C. Kuntunidisz and J.M. Walker
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