In their natural host, macaque monkeys, B virus herpesviruses can target the central nervous system and subsequently establish latent infections without severely damaging the host. Generally, there is an initial acute phase when the virus successfully replicates in peripheral tissue of the host. This replication induces a series of specific immune functions that can serve as markers of infection.
Although each herpesvirus coexists peacefully with macaques, the host:parasite relationship may change dramatically if the virus infects organisms other than its natural host. This change of hosts can potentially cause radically more severe pathogenesis of the infection.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- male: 431-587mm (17.0-23.1in)
- female: 538-730mm (21.2-28.7in)
Weight
- male: 4.9-8.6kg (10.8-19.0lb)
- female: 7.9-15.0kg (17.4-33.1lb)
Habitat:
Nepal to Viet Nam to Southern China
Monsoon, montane, evergreen, bamboo, and duciduous dry forest at 300-3500m(984-11,484ft) elevation
Diet
Fruit, young leaves, insects, crops, and mammal prey
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques have been observed frequenting the high canopy
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- male: 431-587mm (17.0-23.1in)
- female: 538-730mm (21.2-28.7in)
Weight
- male: 4.9-8.6kg (10.8-19.0lb)
- female: 7.9-15.0kg (17.4-33.1lb)
Habitat:
Nepal to Viet Nam to Southern China
Monsoon, montane, evergreen, bamboo, and duciduous dry forest at 300-3500m(984-11,484ft) elevation
Diet
Fruit, young leaves, insects, crops, and mammal prey
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques have been observed frequenting the high canopy
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 450mm (17.7in)
- Female: 550-600mm (21.7-23.6in)
Weight
- Male: 10.2-11.0kg (22.5-24.2lb)
- Female: 15.3-17.0kg (33.7-37.5lb)
Habitat:
Morroco, Algeria, Gibraltar
Mixed cedar and holm oak or cork ork forest up to 1600-2160m (5260-7087ft)
Diet
Acorns; bark, cones, and needles of cedar trees; mushrooms; bulbs; animal prey, including insects, other invertebrates, and amphibians. The diet changes seasonally.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques forage in trees, on the ground, and even under rocks. Males associate with infants soon after birth. There is little male aggression
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 450mm (17.7in)
- Female: 550-600mm (21.7-23.6in)
Weight
- Male: 10.2-11.0kg (22.5-24.2lb)
- Female: 15.3-17.0kg (33.7-37.5lb)
Habitat:
Morroco, Algeria, Gibraltar
Mixed cedar and holm oak or cork ork forest up to 1600-2160m (5260-7087ft)
Diet
Acorns; bark, cones, and needles of cedar trees; mushrooms; bulbs; animal prey, including insects, other invertebrates, and amphibians. The diet changes seasonally.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. These macaques forage in trees, on the ground, and even under rocks. Males associate with infants soon after birth. There is little male aggression
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 375-480mm (14.8-18.9in)
- Female: 450-590mm (17.7-23.2in)
Weight
- Male: 3.9-4.4kg (8.6-9.8lb)
- Female: 5.4-8.8kg (11.9-19.5lb)
Habitat:
India
Wet lowland to dry deciduous forest up to 2134m (7002ft). Bonnet macaques also live near urban areas and temples.
Diet
Fruit, 47-53$; seeds, leaves, flowers, and animal prey, including insects, lizards, and frogs. Bonnet macaques eat 39 plant species, as well as raid crops and eat what humans offer at temples.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Bonnet macaques are good swimmers. They search the ground for insects and chase flying grasshoppers; adult males spend more time on the ground. These macaques sit in contact with others or huddle together when they rest.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 375-480mm (14.8-18.9in)
- Female: 450-590mm (17.7-23.2in)
Weight
- Male: 3.9-4.4kg (8.6-9.8lb)
- Female: 5.4-8.8kg (11.9-19.5lb)
Habitat:
India
Wet lowland to dry deciduous forest up to 2134m (7002ft). Bonnet macaques also live near urban areas and temples.
Diet
Fruit, 47-53$; seeds, leaves, flowers, and animal prey, including insects, lizards, and frogs. Bonnet macaques eat 39 plant species, as well as raid crops and eat what humans offer at temples.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Bonnet macaques are good swimmers. They search the ground for insects and chase flying grasshoppers; adult males spend more time on the ground. These macaques sit in contact with others or huddle together when they rest.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 500mm (19.7in)
- Female: 590mm (23.2in)
Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)
Tropical forest.
Diet
Fruit. Booted macaques raid cacao crops.
Behaviour:
Diurnal and arboreal. Poisoned bait is used to kill booted macaques that raid cacao plantations.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 445-550mm (17.5-21.7in)
- Female: 520-570mm (20.5-22.4in)
Habitat:
Sulawesi (Indonesia)
Primary and secondary tropical forest.
Diet
Fruit, bud, sprouts, and insects, including caterpillars. These macaques use 120 plant species.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Black macaques show less agonistic behavior (3.6 agonistic interactions/hour) than stump-tailed macaques. During aggressive encounters, biting is rare and not performed by adult males. In a captive study, coalitions were rarely observed. Females have a mutual embrace in which they meet head to tail and sniff each other's genitals like dogs.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 400-500mm (15.7-19.7in)
- Female: 450-550mm (17.7-21.7in)
Weight
- Male: 4.9kg (10.9lb)
- Female: 6kg (13.2lb)
Habitat:
Taiwan
Mixed coniferous-hardwood temperate forest, as well as bamboo and grassland at 100-3600m (328-11,812ft).
Diet
Fruit, leaves, animal prey, buds, young shoots. These macaques reportedly raid crops.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Formosan rock macaques rest in forest and forage in grassland. High-ranking matrilines have more reproductive success. Habitat destruction rather than hunting is the greatest risk to the population.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)
Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)
Habitat:
Japan
Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.
Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)
Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)
Habitat:
Japan
Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.
Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.
Physical Characteristics:
Head and body length
- Male: 472-601mm (18.6-23.7in)
- Female: Female: 535-607mm (21.1-23.9in)
Weight
- Male: 8.3-18.0kg (18.3-39.7lb)
- Female: 11.0-18.0kg (24.2-39.7lb)
Habitat:
Japan
Subtropical to subalpine, deciduous, broadleaf, and ever green forest of Japan below 1500m (4922ft). This macaque lives at the northernmost latitude of any nonhuman primate. An introduced free-ranging population has lived in Texas (USA) since 1972.
Diet
Fruit, seeds, leaves, bark, fungi, bird eggs, and invertebrates such as snails and cray fish.
Behaviour:
Diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrtial. Japanese macaques are good swimmers. This species often invades human territories, including hot thermal baths in the winter.
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